大倾角工作面防刮板输送机上窜下滑研究与实践

本文以北辛窑煤矿8103工作面为背景,对刮板输送机“上窜下滑”的机理进行了研究,计算和改进头巷超前推采距离,对“上窜下滑”的防控进行了实践。     

基于VMD与时间序列分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了在非线性、非平稳的滚动轴承故障振动信号中有效提取出敏感的故障特征,提出了基于变分模态分解(VMD)与时间序列分析相结合的特征提取方法。首先通过VMD将原始信号分解为不同预设尺度的本征模态分量(IMF),对各个IMF分量建立时间序列预测模型,通过叠加重构得到最终的预测模型,比较评价指标确定最优参数的选取。最后,通过仿真信号与滚动轴承实际故障数据分析,并与经验模式分解(EMD)进行对比,结果表明该方法能够有效的提取到故障特征频率。     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

热轧层流辊道内冷辊回水结构的优化改进

针对某热轧厂1 580 mm生产线精轧出口层流辊道内冷辊频繁发生操作侧轴承失效问题,对其原因进行了分析,同时核算了内冷辊受热轴向膨胀后操作侧轴承侧向间隙。结果表明:操作侧轴承侧向间隙满足使用要求,轴承失效和辊筒受热膨胀无关;操作侧轴承失效的直接原因是轴套制造精度低导致骨架油封失效、内冷辊高速旋转“吸水”效应,使冷却回水进入轴承座内部,进一步造成润滑不良进而造成轴承失效。为此,对内冷辊回水结构进行了优化改进:在操作侧轴承座端盖和水套之间增加法兰,延长轴套及安装轴套的轴头,在轴头和轴套之间增加O型密封圈。改进后两年的使用周期内没有发生过轴承失效故障。     

Anchor plate bearing capacity in flexible mesh facings

This work addresses the problem of the loading capacity of an anchor plate coupled with a steel wire mesh in soil retaining applications. The interaction mechanism between the flexible mesh facing, the underlying soil layer and the plate is studied starting from the results of several laboratory punch tests involving both the plate and the mesh only, and the whole soil-mesh-plate system. The experimental tests have been reproduced by adopting a 3D discrete element model where also the wire mesh is discretized as an assembly of interconnected nodal particles. The interaction between these particles is ruled by elasto-plastic tensile force–displacement laws in which a distortion is introduced in a stochastic manner to account for the wires’ geometrical irregularities. The mesh model is then validated with reference to a set of punch tests in which the shape and size of the punching element as well as the nominal wire diameter were varied. Subsequently, the model is extended to a punch against soil test configuration permitting an insight into the nontrivial local mechanism between the mesh facing and the underlying granular layer. The good agreement between the numerical predictions and the experimental observations at the laboratory scale allowed us to extend the model towards more realistic field conditions for which the role of the mesh panel boundary conditions, the mesh mechanical properties, the soil mechanical properties and the anchor plate geometry is investigated.     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO渣系物相组成的热力学计算

摘要：在含铬铁水转炉冶炼过程中，Cr很容易被氧化成Cr2O3进入渣中，并与渣中其他成分反应生成高熔点含铬尖晶石。采用FactSage热力学软件计算了CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO转炉渣系在冶炼温度1300～1700℃下的物相组成，研究了Cr2O3、FeO和碱度对炉渣中尖晶石相含量的影响规律。研究结果表明，温度和渣系成分都会影响炉渣的物相组成。渣系中含有Cr2O3时，物相中均含有MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4和MgFe2O4尖晶石相，尖晶石相的总含量随着Cr2O3和碱度的增加而增加，随着炉温的升高而减少。温度为1300～1500℃时，炉渣中尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而增加；温度为1500～1700℃时，尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而略有减少。在温度小于1500℃的转炉冶炼前中期，炉渣物相组成中尖晶石相所占比例较大，易造成化渣不良或者炉渣粘稠，影响转炉冶炼工艺的顺行。     

几种不同衬层材料水润滑轴承的润滑特性分析

以船舶水润滑轴承为研究对象,建立水润滑轴承双向流固耦合模型,采用有限元法研究偏心率为0. 6时,赛龙、飞龙、丁腈橡胶和超高分子聚乙烯4种不同衬层材料水润滑轴承的润滑特性。研究结果表明:转速一定时,4种衬层材料沿轴向和周向的衬层变形分布较为一致,其中丁腈橡胶衬层的变形最大; 4种衬层材料沿轴向和周向的压力分布趋势也较为一致,最大的压力值均出现在210°～270°之间,同时在270°～30°之间水膜压力波动较大。4种衬层材料的摩擦因数均随转速的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中丁腈橡胶的摩擦因数最大,超高分子聚乙烯的摩擦因数最小。     

Logarithmic decrease of adhesion force with lateral dynamic revealed by an AFM cantilever at different humidities

Adhesion forces between a tipless cantilever and an Au film were determined to investigate the influence of lateral velocity by recording force curves with an atomic force microscope at 20%–90% relative humidities. The sample was moved laterally, forth and back, with a frequency of 0.001–100 Hz and scan distances of 0.8, 8, and 80 μm to achieve a velocity ranging over 7 orders of magnitude. Experimental results show that at low lateral velocities (between 1.6 nm/s and 1–10 μm/s), the adhesion force either increases or decreases or remains stable with the lateral velocity without a certain characteristic trend. However, after a critical velocity, the adhesion force decreases logarithmically with the lateral velocity (between 1–10 and 16,000 μm/s). The decreasing magnitude can be as large as 97.3% of the maximum adhesion force. This decrease is well-explained by the contact time dependence of water bridges formed by capillary condensation.     

考虑速度滑移的多孔质静压气体轴承静特性

对于多孔质材料内的气体流动,基于Darcy定律建立其理论模型,并建立气膜间隙流场的雷诺方程,考虑速度滑移修正方程;将上述2个区域的压力分布方程进行耦合,通过有限元方法对耦合后的压力分布方程进行离散化,用超松弛迭代求解出气膜内各节点的压力分布,分析速度滑移对多孔质静压气体轴承静特性的影响。结果表明,考虑速度滑移所计算的气膜压力分布变化平稳过渡,没有较大的突变。计算轴承的承载力及刚度,结果显示在气密间隙小于15μm时,随着气膜厚度的增大偏心导致的压差增大使承载力不断增大;且当速度滑移系数小于0.1时,速度滑移对轴承承载力及刚度有较大的影响。